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An Achievement Test for Knowledge-Based Systems: QUEM

This paper describes QUEM, a method for assessing the skill level of a knowledge-based system based on the quality of the solutions it produces. QUEM is demonstrated by using it to assess the performance of a particular knowledge-based system, P. QUEM can be viewed as an achievement or job placement test given to know ledge-based systems to help system designers determine how the system should ...

QUEM: An Achievement Test for Knowledge-Based Systems

This paper describes the QUality and Experience Metric (QUEM), a method for estimating the skill level of a knowledgebased system based on the quality of the solutions it produces. It allows one to assess how many years of experience the system would be judged to have if it were a human by providing a quantitative measure of the system’s overall competence. QUEM can be viewed as a type of achie...

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Pensa and Jalkanen Needle Chronologies on Pinus sylvestris in Northern Estonia and Southern Finland

A needle trace method was used to reveal the chronology of needle retention on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland (two stands) and northern Estonia (two stands). The average annual summer needle retention along the main stem varied from 2.2 to 3.1 in Estonian stands and between 3.4 and 4.2 in Finnish stands during the period 1966–1990. The 23-year-mean needle age was 3.0 and 2...

Proposing a Methodology to Evaluate Usability of E-Commerce Websites: QUEM Model

In this work we propose a methodology named QUEM (Quantitative Usability Evaluation Model) for quantitative usability evaluation of e-commerce websites. Many e-commerce websites lack user friendliness. The main factor that prevents these firms to conduct usability testing is the high costs and the need for usability experts. In this work, ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001 quality model was selected as a basi...